T-Spherical Fuzzy Graphs Framework for Wi-Fi Networks and Cybersecurity Based on Normal Dominating Mechanisms

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.28924/2291-8639-24-2026-338
Published: Oct 15, 2026
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Waheed Ahmad Khan, Misal Ahmad, Muhammad Asshad, Omar Almomani, Taher M. Ghazal, T-Spherical Fuzzy Graphs Framework for Wi-Fi Networks and Cybersecurity Based on Normal Dominating Mechanisms, Int. J. Anal. Appl., 24 (2026), 338.

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Waheed Ahmad Khan, Misal Ahmad, Muhammad Asshad, Omar Almomani, Taher M. Ghazal

Abstract

Intelligent communication and cybersecurity networks require mathematical models capable of representing complex uncertainty while ensuring reliable network control. Existing domination models for fuzzy graph structures cannot adequately capture the richer uncertainty represented by T-spherical fuzzy information. In this study, we introduce the concept of normal domination in T-spherical fuzzy graphs (T-SFGs), where uncertainty is characterized by membership, neutrality and non-membership degrees satisfying the generalized T-spherical constraint. Fundamental concepts of normal domination are established together with their theoretical properties. The proposed framework provides a unified model for intelligent network analysis by integrating T-spherical fuzzy information with domination theory. Applications to Wi-Fi gateway selection and cybersecurity threat assessment demonstrate its practical effectiveness while comparative analysis confirms that the proposed T-SFG framework offers improved modeling flexibility, enhanced decision-making accuracy and broader applicability than existing fuzzy graph-based domination models.

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